Broke this up into two posts.
UG, we disagree on ideas when it comes to getting to a goal, but we are on the same side with regard to what the goals are. Peace, prosperity and progress. I hope none of this comes off as insulting or condescending. I'm having this conversation (when I should be working) because I think you are a valuable person to communicate my perspective to.
Their business model creates a vicious cycle in which they move in with lower prices and more choices (ie convenience) which naturally appeals to consumers. However, there is a price to pay for that which most consumers are unaware of. Very few of the products they sell are produced in the US, so not only are the products people buy at Walmart generally lower quality (resulting in an unseen replacement cost) but the macro effect on the economy is negative because the businesses that can't compete go under resulting in a loss of middle class jobs here, which are replaced with far fewer jobs and a lower pay/benefits package.
This latter point is not correct. It is based on a zero sum understanding of trade. That's what I was talking about with the labor theory and subjective theory (marginal revolution). People are still taught the labor theory, and see economics as a zero sum game, even though that theory false. Government practices Keynesian economics, follows the labor theory of value, and implements mercantilist economic policies. All of which are the antithesis of capitalism. Then people say, "Capitalism failed!"
It is very frustrating in discourse, because people are working from what they have been taught, the issue is that what they have been taught is incorrect.
Trade is a positive sum game (this is going back to Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations in the 18th century). Every trade makes both parties better off or they would not do it. There may be replacement costs for inferior goods, but that is up to the consumer to decide at the time of purchase. If they are unaware of it, there is an opportunity (particularly on the net) for people to inform others of such important consumer information and profit from it (build lists etc). I really think this is a relatively untapped market.
Every dollar paid for foreign goods is redeemable in the US. If a US dollar buys something in China, it can be exchanged with the government for Renminbi, and the government will sit on it (which helps lower inflation in the US by removing it from circulation), the government or individual can spend it on US dollar denominated goods like oil (thereby passing the choice on to the next non-US party) or the money can come back to the US to purchase goods, services and make investments. When something is bought from another region, there is no loss of wealth. There is an aggregate increase in wealth because both parties have something they desire more;
One, the person who bought the good presumably got an item for a better price, or a unique item not available domestically etc. So they are better off (or they wouldn't have bought it).
Two, the person who sold the good now has foreign currency, which he can only dispose of in foreign markets, so now they have to come back to the US (eventually) to redeem that currency in some real purchase. This creates an export transaction.
What causes an imbalance is that the FED increases the money supply of one nation, a chunk of which goes overseas and becomes foreign reserves. While that helps prevent inflation from all the money the FED creates, it also creates a one way trade flow. Excess dollars that never come back to buy things in the US. If they did, there would be hyperinflation.
So the individual buying Made in China over Made in the USA goods is not the culprit (nor if the party selling those goods). He's actually helping prevent hyperinflation cause being initiated by the government.
It all starts at the top, with the money shenanigans.
People buy the cheapest good. They should buy the cheapest good, it is a rational decision to do so. It extends their purchasing power. The reason why American goods are not as cheap as Asian goods (forget Walmart, let's talk about furniture, TVs, stereos, computers, cell phones, appliances) is because there are lower wages and (most importantly) less capital controls, lower taxes and less regulation. Those key factors make it much more profitable to make goods in other markets, and then offer those goods at lower prices because the margins are so flexible.
All of that "regulation" that is supposed to protect consumers, protects big firms, and makes all the start ups (the low price, dynamic firms) move to other markets. It diminished the local competition that would keep those particular jobs in that domestic market. Eventually, the big firms have to follow and then they practice the art of using their domestic monopoly to sell goods made overseas in their foreign divisions.
That bumper sticker, "Out of a job yet? Keep buying foreign" is strictly union propaganda. The Big 3 for example moved their plants to the south and Mexico. Plants in Alabama and Tennessee have lower wages because there are no unions. The Big 3 have developed parts of Mexico, because again, there is no union, and with international quality standards like ISO9000 they can make the case that a good made by Mexicans conforms to the same standards of quality as a good made by Americans. They could have put that money into Michigan. It was unprofitable for them to continue to do so (as they had done in the past).
Most employees of Walmart are not self-sufficient thus causing an additional drain on the government (they have no health care and make no money) and they sure as hell won't be investing their money (cause they don't have any) or starting additional businesses like the displaced business owners probably would have. Guerilla, you call these poor businessmen that are unable to compete but it is impossible to compete on price with Walmart because a small business owner is not ordering by the trainload. Now, this may create stock value for Walmart, but again - if you're lowering the standard of living in a country there are fewer people able to invest.
Ok, I think I addressed the lowering the standard of living bit above. Lower priced goods benefit consumers. People line up in droves to work at Walmart. Walmart is not using slave labor, or forcing people to work for them at gunpoint. If there were better jobs, people would take them. Any firm coming in, can hire all of Walmart's rejects for a margin under what Walmart pays, and have lower labor costs as well. Or if they want to steal Walmart's best employees, they can come in and pay more for targeted personnel.
Economies of scale are why we have families with two cars. Why we went from some people having a cell phone, to every member of the family having a cell phone. It is why most middle class homes now have several laptops, when only 10 years ago, many homes did not even have one desktop.
Are we going to argue that Dell and Whirlpool are also making people worse off? Because they do the same thing.
Here is how the division of labor works (free market order). If someone has a dominant position, and serves the consumer best (low prices, good service) such that there is not an arbitrage opportunity for a competitor to enter the market, then instead of competing where there is no room for competition, that businessman should go into producing an industry where there is still room for competition. That's how resources like capital and labor get dynamically allocated in a free market (without bureaucrat overseers directing the economy). Money chases profit opportunities. If there are no opportunities where Walmart is, then for the time being at least, the capital would be best used elsewhere in the economy.
Nothing is static. Walmart grew to its size. It is not inconceivable that Walmart could be gone in 10 years. Things change. Big firms get so large, that they have agent-principal problems, that is the ends of the principals (investors) are different from the agents (employees) and the firm begins to act in line with the employees interests and less in line with the principals as the firm expands. This is what happened to the Big 3. It is why they have fallen behind. Now they have to cannibalize their operations and fight for a shrinking share of a shrinking market. The same thing could happen to Walmart. I wouldn't put my money on them being the dominant retail business for the next 50 years. I wouldn't even put my money on Google being the dominant search engine in 10 years.
As soon as a firm doesn't serve its customers as well as possible, someone will come in and perform arbitrage. That is the history of markets to the beginning of time.