Your Legal Questions About IM -Round 2

Quick question:

Let's say I want to create a product that is based on specific kinds of exercises that are demonstrated through video. Now, these exercises are not specific to any one person or company. Rather, they are universal.

My question is this: If I purchase a competitor's product and recreate the videos myself doing the exact exercises, could this company come after me?

Thanks in advance.
 


Quick question:

Let's say I want to create a product that is based on specific kinds of exercises that are demonstrated through video. Now, these exercises are not specific to any one person or company. Rather, they are universal.

My question is this: If I purchase a competitor's product and recreate the videos myself doing the exact exercises, could this company come after me?

Thanks in advance.


very fact-specific, but an intriguing question. I probably wouldn't run out and videotape myself doing say, P90X exercises, and then sell a knock-off video for the following reasons:
1) While basic athletic movements aren't patentable/trademarkable, a court could say that mimicking the exact routine is copying the "process', which IS protected.
2) Its obviously going to be marketed in the same industry, and you would definitely be classified as a "competitor" which will be looked at more strictly by the law, so its hard to say you are just making fair use of the original.
3) Both Tony Horton (at age 52) and Carl Deckler (president of the parent company, Beachbody) are ripped and built like pro athletes, I'd hate to have those dudes mad at me ;)

All jokes aside, its a hard question, which usually means lots and lots of legal expenses fighting out the various questions in court. If I was betting on a winner in that legal fight, it would be a close call. AS always, the more differences between your version and the original , the better for your case.
 
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DBA's or LLC's for Each Website

In regards to ecommerce and business structure, I currently have a Nevada scorp but now debating on whether I need to file a dba or llc for each of my websites (ecommerce).

Several reasons behind the decision include having a clear and relevant business name showing up on the customer credit card statement (descriptor) and to limit liability by site. The number one reason behind customer chargebacks is the customer not recognizing the charge on their statement.

Should I be doing this and if so do you file the DBA as bluewidgets.com inc or just bluewidgets.com? Is it better to file a DBA for each site or an individual LLC keeping mind that I already have a Nevada scorp?
 
I need to trademark a brand name. What's the best step to take? Just legalzoom and go? I'm in the dark about TM vs ® really, what's the better route?


Assuming you mean a registered trademark, I would recommend using an attorney for it. See my earlier discussion about registered vs. unregistered/common law trademarks for some of the differences. The application itself isn't that hard, and you can do alot of the legwork yourself without paying $$$ per hour for an attorney to do the parts you can do, but when it comes to the back-and-forth as the USPTO requests additional information or gets challenges from similar trademark holders, its usually best to have an attorney to work through that part with you. If you want to take a crack at it yourself, this is a good starting point to visit to first search for similar trademarks out there using the TESS database:
United States Patent and Trademark Office
 
In regards to ecommerce and business structure, I currently have a Nevada scorp but now debating on whether I need to file a dba or llc for each of my websites (ecommerce).

Several reasons behind the decision include having a clear and relevant business name showing up on the customer credit card statement (descriptor) and to limit liability by site. The number one reason behind customer chargebacks is the customer not recognizing the charge on their statement.

Should I be doing this and if so do you file the DBA as bluewidgets.com inc or just bluewidgets.com? Is it better to file a DBA for each site or an individual LLC keeping mind that I already have a Nevada scorp?


If the websites are in the same/similar niche, I usually just recommend DBAs (also called trade names or registered names) under the same umbrella Corp/ LLC. If they are different niches, or have different assets (e.g. inventory) then it's probably worthwhile to set up separate corporate entities for each one in order to compartmentalize risk between the separate entities. For the DBAs, use bluewidget.com instead of bluewidgets.com Inc, you are technically only supposed to use Inc with the official corp name, not alternate DBAs.

On the credit card billing name issue, many MIDs allow you to have their version of "subIDs" that allow you to use a unique identifier on different ecommerce sites/transactions, you may want to ask your merchant provider about that.
 
I hope you are compiling this thread into a book because it will certainly sell.


Thanks so much Mont!
 
When buying competitors typo domains, what steps should be taken to protect yourself from being sued or losing the domain?

From what I understand from studying the anticybersquatting act you are required to do the following:

1) Make the target domain unmistakeable for the trademark domain (different colours, font, name, logo)
2) Make sure the domain is personally identifiable and contactable (name, address, phone)
3) Make no offers to sell or transfer the domain

Here are my situations I currently fall under.

1) I own the .com of a well known european .net domain. The .net owner made a five figure offer for it that I rejected. I currently redirect the traffic to a same genre, but completely different branded domain.

2) I own the .net and various typo's of a top 100 alexa .com domain based out of SF. I have pushed them all to PPC ads, affiliate offers, and my own same genre yet different brand site. The different brand site is far from mistakable in theme.

3) I've used the site in #2 to bypass a content filter on the .com in very small quantities.

4) I own a {trademark}online.com site which has ranked top 10 for {trademark} since 2005. The site makes no profit, has no ads, is contactable, and makes zero attempt to sell itself. I have received two C&D's both claiming the site was unacceptable as a fan site, and false claims regarding a feature they think exists on the site which does not. Shortly after I received an email about buying the site from a random gmail address, to which I responded very clearly I hadn't thought about selling the domain - I am 99% sure this was the trademark owner. The trademark owner sent the C&D from the UK to an AU address however I'm currently in the US and the trademark owner does not have any proof that I received the C&D. I have not received any legal notices or responded to anything in around four months.

In all three cases the domains have public whois which point to an AU PO Box which is checked by someone other than me, an AU cell phone number which does ring, but doesn't have voicemail, and a valid full name.
 
this may be a bit different.. but in regards to US law and IMer's...

Lets say I'm an affiliate that doing ALL kinds of shady shit and I dont feel like stopping. Is their any countries you would recommend that basically give a middle finger to US law in regards to what us affiliates do?

For example, If I move to Canada and continue to do things, I can get brought back in rather easily, but I heard that moving to someplace like Panama might be a lot harder to bring me to justice. Any thoughts on this?

I might not move there myself, but rather set up hosting, domain, set up corp there.. etc. just wondering what "safe havens" might actually be out there and how good they are.
 
Where should I go to get my LLC done up? Apparently LegalZoom is terrible now (though the guy who owns WP used them). Should I just file it for my self like I did my fictitious business name, or should I go get a legal persons to help me.
 
this may be a bit different.. but in regards to US law and IMer's...

Lets say I'm an affiliate that doing ALL kinds of shady shit and I dont feel like stopping. Is their any countries you would recommend that basically give a middle finger to US law in regards to what us affiliates do?

For example, If I move to Canada and continue to do things, I can get brought back in rather easily, but I heard that moving to someplace like Panama might be a lot harder to bring me to justice. Any thoughts on this?

I might not move there myself, but rather set up hosting, domain, set up corp there.. etc. just wondering what "safe havens" might actually be out there and how good they are.
Ya, I saw it the first time ;)

Ok, so assuming you have already read and understood what I had to say here about most IMers having a link to the US that makes them still susceptible to US laws, lets talk a bit about non-extradition countries for fun.

Basically, some countries don't have a "give us our criminals back, we'll give you yours back" agreement with the U.S., typically referred to as an extradition treaty. Extradition is typically used for serious crimes, e.g. someone murders their spouse in the U.S. then flees back to their home country, etc. Extradition issues aren't much of an issue in the world of IM or any civil legal theory in general, (its mostly criminal issues), but there is still some application here.

If you are a U.S. citizen, and feel like moving somewhere that won't turn you back over to the U.S. if you do something really wrong, the problem that arises is your basically looking at countries that don't have a relationship with the U.S. Venezuela and Cuba come to mind, which have a gov't that might be viewed by many as being "hostile" to Americans. Basically, you might end up someplace that probably isn't very "American friendly",which has its own drawbacks. Panama I would have to look up, but I think they are pretty friendly with the US and its jursidiction, especially given these two countries' history.

As far as "computer/online" issues, there are many countries that don't recognize such allegations as crimes, or even worthy of civil suits. CAN-SPAM rules for example are viewed this way by a lot of civilized countries. As far as "bringing anyone back to justice" this stuff is all viewed as pretty low-priority, although hackers are finding that the damage they cause is making it harder to hide in foreign jurisdictions. You can live lots of places, even ones that have a good relationship with the U.S., and probably nobody is going to cuff you and ship you back to the U.S. because you left out disclaimers on your acai ads. It doesn't mean, however, that your questionable activities can't be cut off where they are vulnerable (i.e. ad buys, American CPA networks, US-based servers, etc).

Like anything else, you have to weigh what you give up vs. what you gain. You might not be risking jail time since you're outside the long arm of U.S. jurisdiction, but you are likely going to get your ads shut down, your favorite CPA networks will shun you, and you are probably going to be giving up alot of the potential money you could make if you could still market/operate in the U.S.

Just my two cents, I've never handled an extradition case, though I have tried to sue internationally based individuals, and its very difficult to do anything to them civilly.
 
Where should I go to get my LLC done up? Apparently LegalZoom is terrible now (though the guy who owns WP used them). Should I just file it for my self like I did my fictitious business name, or should I go get a legal persons to help me.


If you have done a fictitous business name (e.g. an assumed business name or DBA as its called in other states), and you didn't think it was too difficult, you can visit your state's Secretary of State website and usually fill out the forms online (process varies by state). Any local business attorney can do it for you if you'd rather have pro advice, and if you have business partners or feel that your business is unique or very different, I'd probably recommend consulting an attorney. I don't advise that people spend large amounts of money for an attorney to do something they could do themselves with a little effort generally speaking, but I've also never met the person who used an attorney for their business incorporation and regretted it either.
 
When buying competitors typo domains, what steps should be taken to protect yourself from being sued or losing the domain?

From what I understand from studying the anticybersquatting act you are required to do the following:

1) Make the target domain unmistakeable for the trademark domain (different colours, font, name, logo)
2) Make sure the domain is personally identifiable and contactable (name, address, phone)
3) Make no offers to sell or transfer the domain

Here are my situations I currently fall under.

1) I own the .com of a well known european .net domain. The .net owner made a five figure offer for it that I rejected. I currently redirect the traffic to a same genre, but completely different branded domain.

2) I own the .net and various typo's of a top 100 alexa .com domain based out of SF. I have pushed them all to PPC ads, affiliate offers, and my own same genre yet different brand site. The different brand site is far from mistakable in theme.

3) I've used the site in #2 to bypass a content filter on the .com in very small quantities.

4) I own a {trademark}online.com site which has ranked top 10 for {trademark} since 2005. The site makes no profit, has no ads, is contactable, and makes zero attempt to sell itself. I have received two C&D's both claiming the site was unacceptable as a fan site, and false claims regarding a feature they think exists on the site which does not. Shortly after I received an email about buying the site from a random gmail address, to which I responded very clearly I hadn't thought about selling the domain - I am 99% sure this was the trademark owner. The trademark owner sent the C&D from the UK to an AU address however I'm currently in the US and the trademark owner does not have any proof that I received the C&D. I have not received any legal notices or responded to anything in around four months.

In all three cases the domains have public whois which point to an AU PO Box which is checked by someone other than me, an AU cell phone number which does ring, but doesn't have voicemail, and a valid full name.


It sounds like you've already done your homework more than most, and this arena is not my strongest area of expertise, but you appear to be on the right path. AS far as the "not listing for sale", I hear that alot, but that isn't precisely how the rules work. You aren't forbidden from selling such sites back to the original trademark owner, especially if they contact you asking to buy it, you just want to avoid registering it and then turning around and actively trying to sell it to the trademark owner, which reeks of attempting to extort money from the true trademark owner.

Otherwise, you are always at risk of being a victim of the "anti cybersquatting" rules when you own a different TLD of a known trademark brand, but the steps that you have taken indicate you are aware of your risks and have takensome proactive action. Make sure you keep the sites looking different then the original trademark owner's site, and don't feel that you are prohibited from selling a site to the true trademark owner if they make an offer, that kind of private business deal is typically a win-win situation for both parties.
 
Otherwise, you are always at risk of being a victim of the "anti cybersquatting" rules when you own a different TLD of a known trademark brand, but the steps that you have taken indicate you are aware of your risks and have takensome proactive action. Make sure you keep the sites looking different then the original trademark owner's site, and don't feel that you are prohibited from selling a site to the true trademark owner if they make an offer, that kind of private business deal is typically a win-win situation for both parties.

Thanks for the response :) I'm not at all afraid of selling back a domain, however the situation where they possibly registered a random gmail account to try to trick my scares me quite frankly. My other concern is that if the first contact with the trademark company is in fact a lawyer, there is a high likelihood the lawyer isn't going to act in their clients best interests eg.. our legal fees to get the domain back would be $20K, lets offer them half.
 
Here's one I haven't seen before. Some months ago, a domain registrar screwed me out of my most valuable domains, by failing to transfer them upon request as they were about to expire. I had set up the transfer and then forgot to monitor the process, and didn't notice that it was not completed, until some months later.

After logging a support ticket that was ignored, I let it go, figuring effectively that I 'didn't have enough bricks' and because they weren't all that valuable -- mayby $200 in total value for all three. If I had paid enough attention at the time, I could have noticed that they failed to transfer before someone else had picked them up, and I'd still own them.

My question -- what legal recourse did I have after several months? If the domains were valuable enough to try to recover them?
 
I have one that comes up post A4D meetup w/ Smaxx's comments about capturing data.

Note- I've never dealt with data/mailers at all, so I'm a complete noob here.

If I dot my I's and cross my T's with regards to appropriate disclosures, privacy policies, and opt in check boxes to allow a user to 'receive future special offers' and then have a signed IO with a mailer who I've partnered with to rev-share the data- how liable am I if the mailer

a) mails something that isn't kosher (ie a *biz 0p LP with the cut video of, pic of headquarters, etc OR fires off something stupid like gambling that I never wanted and explicitly isn't permitted per the IO

b) violates a CAN-SPAM law on their end yet I have full proof of initial opt-in


I presume like a typical AOR/Agency/Network contract the buck can pretty easily be passed- however as I look to quickly venture down this path is there anything I should be watching out for solely from a liability angle?

Thanks Mont- your info here is incredibly helpful.
 
Are usenet download services legal everywhere? If not, where are they illegal? Does being offshore help you in any way in that situation?
 
Here's one I haven't seen before. Some months ago, a domain registrar screwed me out of my most valuable domains, by failing to transfer them upon request as they were about to expire. I had set up the transfer and then forgot to monitor the process, and didn't notice that it was not completed, until some months later.

After logging a support ticket that was ignored, I let it go, figuring effectively that I 'didn't have enough bricks' and because they weren't all that valuable -- mayby $200 in total value for all three. If I had paid enough attention at the time, I could have noticed that they failed to transfer before someone else had picked them up, and I'd still own them.

My question -- what legal recourse did I have after several months? If the domains were valuable enough to try to recover them?

In this situation, probably not much. First, the value is too low to really bother getting into a legal fight, the filing fees would likely exceed that domain value. The "waiting" a few months doesn't really hurt your case per se, statutes of limitations are usually measured in years.

This is also a case where a court could not order specific performance (i.e. the domains have to later be transferred to you) because now a third party has become involved, the innocent person who picked them up. Your damages would, if you somehow managed to win, be limited to monetary payment from the hosting company, and pretty much every hosting company has disclaimers in their Terms of Service that are going to say they aren't liable for exactly this type of thing, its up to you to make sure transfers go through, etc. If the hosting company still had possession of the names and you really wanted them, then it'd probably be worth sending a threatening letter (ideally on a lawfirm's letterhead, arriving certified mail) to get them, but in this scenario its probably not going to be worth bothering.
 
This is also a case where a court could not order specific performance (i.e. the domains have to later be transferred to you) because now a third party has become involved, the innocent person who picked them up. Your damages would, if you somehow managed to win, be limited to monetary payment from the hosting company
That's what I thought. As you say, the value is too low to make it worth while, and if I couldn't get the actual domains back, as far as I was concerned, it would be pointless.

Pauli
 
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I have one that comes up post A4D meetup w/ Smaxx's comments about capturing data.

Note- I've never dealt with data/mailers at all, so I'm a complete noob here.

If I dot my I's and cross my T's with regards to appropriate disclosures, privacy policies, and opt in check boxes to allow a user to 'receive future special offers' and then have a signed IO with a mailer who I've partnered with to rev-share the data- how liable am I if the mailer

a) mails something that isn't kosher (ie a *biz 0p LP with the cut video of, pic of headquarters, etc OR fires off something stupid like gambling that I never wanted and explicitly isn't permitted per the IO

b) violates a CAN-SPAM law on their end yet I have full proof of initial opt-in


I presume like a typical AOR/Agency/Network contract the buck can pretty easily be passed- however as I look to quickly venture down this path is there anything I should be watching out for solely from a liability angle?

Thanks Mont- your info here is incredibly helpful.

I don't work with mailers, and CAN-SPAM isn't my strong suit, but here goes:

If you are the one doing the actual "mailing" (i.e. comes from your servers or servers you control) then that is your major risk right there. The rules apply to those "who mail or cause to be mailed" when it comes to CAN-SPAM rules. You are better off having the rev-share partner submit the creative to you not just for your review/approval, but so that you are actually the one that sends it out, if you can. Just because they signed off to you saying they wouldn't do anything crooked wouldn't absolve you of guilt/being sued as the mailer when they actually DO do something crooked.

The other things you mention doing are all really good "bricks in the wall." The problem with CAN-SPAM is that its almost a "guilty till proven innocent" kind of law, the burden of proof is basically on the mailer to show that he DIDNT do something wrong, instead of the other way around like most legal stuff. While doing all the stuff you mention would certainly demonstrate some good faith on your part and be highly advisable, the buck still ultimately stops with you as the mailer, IMHO

Just my two cents
 
Are usenet download services legal everywhere? If not, where are they illegal? Does being offshore help you in any way in that situation?


Depends on the usage, but most of the usenet services are being used by users to grab pirated copyright material, which is supposed to be a big No-No. This fight has been going on for years, in the old days it was Napster, then bitTorrent, then Pirate Bay, all of which have been sued/shut down at some point or another.

While being offshore has worked well for some (e.g. Pirate Bay) at the end of the day, the question to ask is "Is this stuff stolen?" People like to say that P2P transfers are fine, its the studio's faults, I'm just providing an online forum,blah blah blah. Everyone making these arguments usually has a vested interest in continuing the wholesale theft of copyrighted material. I'm not saying I've never downloaded a music file before,, but stealing is stealing, when you are getting something for free that is sold commercially, I'd advise taking a critical look at why that is, usually something is not on the up and up.

Being overseas (harder to get shut down) and blaming it on the "users" ("I don't host anything bad, I'm not responsible for what my site visitors may happen to share) are kind of the "defenses" most of these places use.

Stealing copyrighted material is pretty much wrong everywhere in the industrialized world, these types of sites just rely on the advantages that a global Internet provides in terms of anonymity and lack of a singular jurisdiction or authority that can shut them down. Just because most get away with it, doesn't make it right.